Linguistics বা ভাষাবিজ্ঞান কাকে বলে?

Linguistics- ভাষাবিজ্ঞান, ভাষা বৈজ্ঞানিক গবেষণা হয় গবেষণায় প্রধানত তিনটি দিক রয়েছে, যা ভাষা গঠন, ভাষা অর্থ এবং প্রসঙ্গের ভাষা। ভাষা বিবরণে প্রায়শই পরিচিত কার্যক্রমগুলি প্রায় 500 খ্রিস্টপূর্বাব্দে পাণিনিতে বিশ্লেষণ করে, অশতধায়ায় সংস্কৃত ভাষায় তাঁর বিশ্লেষণের সাথে। ভাষা শব্দ এবং অর্থ একটি পারস্পরিক আভাস হিসাবে বোঝা যায়। ভাষাগত শব্দটি অধ্যয়ন করে যে শৃঙ্খলাটি শব্দচিহ্ন হিসাবে বলা হয়, যা বক্তৃতাগত শব্দ ও অ-বক্তৃতা শব্দগুলির প্রকৃত বৈশিষ্ট্যগুলির সাথে সংশ্লিষ্ট, এবং কিভাবে উত্পাদিত এবং অনুভূত হয়। অপরপক্ষে, ভাষা অর্থের অধ্যয়নটি বোঝায়, কিভাবে ভাষাগুলি বোঝায়, প্রক্রিয়া, এবং অর্থ অর্পণ করা, এবং সাথে সাথে অপব্যবহারের পরিচালনা ও সমাধান করার জন্য লজিক এবং বাস্তব-বিশ্বের রেফারেন্সগুলি প্রকাশ করে। এর পরিবর্তে সিনট্যান্টস এবং প্রাগাম্যাটিক্সের অধ্যয়ন অন্তর্ভুক্ত। ব্যাকরণ একটি নিয়ম যা একটি নির্দিষ্ট বক্তৃতা সম্প্রদায়ের সদস্যদের মধ্যে যোগাযোগ শাসন সিস্টেম। এটি শব্দ এবং অর্থ উভয় দ্বারা প্রভাবিত হয়, এবং morphology, সিনট্যাক্স, এবং phonology অন্তর্ভুক্ত। বিসিএস প্রস্ততিতে ভাষা বিজ্ঞান অত্যন্তগুরুত্বপুর্ন।

 

What is linguistics?

Linguistics is the scientific study of language. The word “linguistics” has been derived from Latin lingua (tongue) and istics (knowledge or science). Linguistics is not only the study of a particular language but also human language in general. It studies language as a universal and particular part of human behavior. It aims to explain and examine language. So, linguistics is a science, which studies the origin, nature and development of language descriptively, historically, comparatively and clearly. Historical linguistics studies the development of language through history, through time. Contemporary linguistics indicates how the people speak and use language in a given speech community at a given time. Comparative linguistics compares two or more different languages. So, linguistics is the science that describes and classifies languages.

 

Relationship between literature and linguistics.

The relationship between linguistics and literature is like the body and soul. If a linguist wants to study a language, he has to depend on literature. The development of a language cannot be imagined without literature. Literary criticism is an essential part of linguistics. To know the grammatical units and method literature is must. Without literature a language may not be matured. Literature is the outer cover of a language and language is the soul of literature. Literature is written on the basis of language. So, language is the only medium of writing literature.

A writer has to depend on the existing language in his society. His creation is guided by the structure of the language. Word-formation can often be used as a source of particular literary effects. The linguist has taken over the concepts of metres, rhymes, rhythms, stresses and intonations from literature. The because language is the medium in which literature is written. A writer of nature of language is of fundamental matter to the students of literature, literature can not be free from linguistics. The style of a writer is influenced by linguistics. Linguistics explains the difficulties of translating a literary text, especially a poem. ‘Stylistics’ is a major part of linguistics. This stylistics plays a role as a bridge between literature and linguistics.

 

What is semantics (ভাষার অর্থগঠিত)? Find out the difference between semantics and phonetics. (ধ্বনিতত্ত্ব / বাচন বা উচ্চারনের সঙ্গে যুক্ত).

Semantics is a branch of linguistics, concerned with studying the of words and sentences. Semantics is the study of meaning and its manifestation in language. Formerly meaning was studied under philosophy and logic. But it has become a part of the linguistic study now. Phonetics is the study of speech and vocal sound. It is the study of speech process including anatomy (structure/ frame), neurology and pathology of speech. It has many practical applications; such as, phonetic record, language teaching, speech analysis, and communication engineering. 

 

What is phonology (বাচনের ধ্বনিবিজ্ঞান)? 

Phonology is the study of sound system of languages. It is the study of speech sounds of a given language. It covers both descriptive and historical phonology. So Phonology is the functional phonetics of a particular language. Phonetics studies the speech sounds. On the other hand, phonology covers the study of how the speech sounds operate the structuring and functioning in language.

 

Find out the difference between phonetics and phonology.

Phonetics is the science of speech sounds. On the other hand, phonology is the study of vocal sounds and sound changes. The area of phonetics is larger than phonology. On the other hand, the area of phonology is smaller than phonetics. Phonetics is one and the same for all the language of the world. On the other hand, phonology differs from one language to another. Phonetics deals with speech sounds, their production, transmission and reception. On the contrary, phonology deals with vocal sounds, sound changes and phonemes. Phonetics is general. On the other hand, phonology is particular.

 

What is the difference between syntax (বাক্যপ্রকরন) and Morphology (শব্দ গঠন সম্পৃক্ত বিদ্যা)?

Syntax is the study of formation of phrases, clauses and sentences. Morphology is complementary to syntax. Morphology is the grammar of words. On the other hand, syntax is the grammar of sentences. A discussion of prepositional phrases would belong to syntax. Syntax refers to the form of the arrangement of words in phrases and sentences. It is the grammar of sentence.

The features of Syntax are given below:

The study of sentence building Billed

Words are arranged together in order to make larger units

It is the grammar of sentences

It is the science of sentence construction

The features of morphology are given below:

Study of the smallest grammatical units of language

Study of the patterns of word-forms

It is the grammar of words

Study the history and development of word-forms.

 

What is language? Discuss the characteristics of language.

Language plays a vital role in the life of human beings. We use language the moment we wake up in the morning till we go to bed at night. We use language to express our feelings and emotions. Man uses language to communicate with others. Language is a very complex human phenomenon. In brief, language is an “organized noise”. Language is uttered by speech organs. Henry Sweet says in his The History of Language, “Language may be defined as the expression of thought by means of speech sounds.” “Language is a primarily human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions and desires by means of a system of voluntarily produced symbols”( Sapir, Language, 1921). Language is the innate capacity of native speakers to understand and form grammatical sentences.